Dynamics are not numbers on a dial. They are not “code” for specific, invariable, levels of sound intensity. They vary with context: ensemble, venue, style, composer, era, etc. Dynamic contrast is an essential part of musical expression (also see Phrasing).

Dynamics are akin to, for want of a better word, “moods.” Speaking of words, perhaps a look at what the two most common (and understood to be the first) dynamic markings (“piano” and “forte”) mean. They are words in Italian – not just musical terms – and their meanings are relative and situational. (I used to carry three dictionaries, Italian, French, and German, in my case. With a smart phone, that is no longer necessary.)

“Forte” does not mean “loud,” per se. It means strong (and some other shadings).

“Piano” does not primarily mean “soft.” It means flat – or level . . . or calm. For example, an Italian trying to stop an altercation might say, “piano, piano” – level out – take it easy – calm down. (For Equalizer fans, Denzel offers insight into “piano” – NOTE: “R” rated clip.)

Stronger – relative to what? Calmer – relative to what? It depends . . . it’s an art.

The Goldilocks Rule applies, also see Projection – and always remember Spiderman!